Xanthium occidentale
Family Asteraceae
Species Profile
| Species classification | Invasive [NSW's Noxious Weeds] |
| Common names | Beach Cocklebur, Cockle Burr, Common Cocklebur, European Cockle Bur, European Cockle Burr, European Cocklebur, European Cockleburr, Large Cockle Bur, Large Cocklebur, Large Cockleburr, Noogoora Burr, Rough Cocklebur, Rough Cockleburr |
| Synonyms | Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr.; Xanthium acerosum Greene; Xanthium acutilobum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium acutum Greene; Xanthium affine Greene; Xanthium albinum subsp. ripicola (Holub) J. Dostal; Xanthium americanum Walt.; Xanthium americanum Walter; Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium arenarium Lasch; Xanthium aridum St.John; Xanthium barcinonense Sennen; Xanthium brevirostre Hochst. [Invalid]; Xanthium brevirostre Wallr.; Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush; Xanthium californicum Greene; Xanthium californicum var. rotundifolium Widder; Xanthium calvum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium campestre Greene; Xanthium canadense Mill.; Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw; Xanthium cenchroides Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium chasei Fernald; Xanthium chinense Mill.; Xanthium chinense var. chinense; Xanthium chinense var. globuliforme C.Shull; Xanthium cloessplateaum D.Z.Ma; Xanthium commune Britton; Xanthium commune var. commune; Xanthium cordifolium Stokes; Xanthium crassifolium Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium cuneatum Moench; Xanthium curvescens Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium cylindraceum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium decalvatum Widder; Xanthium discolor Wallr.; Xanthium echinatum Murray; Xanthium echinatum subsp. echinatum; Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum (Moretti) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo; Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii (Schouw) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo; Xanthium echinatum var. echinatum; Xanthium echinatum var. italicum (Moretti) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo; Xanthium echinellum Greene; Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydb.; Xanthium fuscescens Jord. & Fourr.; Xanthium glabratum (DC.) Britton; Xanthium glanduliferum Greene; Xanthium globosum C.Shull; Xanthium homothalamum Spreng.; Xanthium indicum DC.; Xanthium indicum Klatt [Illegitimate]; Xanthium indicum Roxb.; Xanthium indicum var. indicum; Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush; Xanthium italicum Moretti; Xanthium italicum var. albinum Widder; Xanthium japonicum Widder; Xanthium leptocarpum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium longirostre Wallr.; Xanthium macounii Britton; Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum DC.; Xanthium mongolicum Kitag.; Xanthium monoicum Gilib. [Invalid]; Xanthium nigri Ces.; Xanthium occidentale Bertol.; Xanthium oligacanthum Piper; Xanthium orientale f. laciniatum (Pouzolz) Thell. ex Widder; Xanthium orientale L.; Xanthium orientale var. riparium (Itzigs. & Hertsch) Adema & M. T. Jansen; Xanthium oviforme Wallr.; Xanthium pennsylvanicum Gand. [Illegitimate]; Xanthium pungens var. cylindricum (Millsp. & Sherff) Widder; Xanthium pungens var. denudatum Widder; Xanthium pungens var. globosum (Shull) Widder; Xanthium pungens Wallr.; Xanthium riparium Lasché; Xanthium ripicola J. Holub; Xanthium roxburghii Wallr.; Xanthium saccharatum subsp. aciculare Widder; Xanthium saccharatum subsp. commune (Britton) Widder; Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme (C.Winkl.) Widder; Xanthium speciosum Kearney; Xanthium sphaerocephalum Salzm. ex Ball; Xanthium strumarium f. purpurascens S. Priszter; Xanthium strumarium f. strumarium; Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum (Moretti) D.Löve; Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium; Xanthium strumarium var. arenarium (Lasch) Uechtritz; Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A.Gray; Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist; Xanthium strumarium var. hausmanni Widder; Xanthium strumarium var. oviforme (Wallr.) M.Peck; Xanthium strumarium var. pensylvanicum (Wallr.) M.Peck; Xanthium strumarium var. strumarium; Xanthium strumarium var. wootonii (Cockerell) M.Peck; Xanthium strumarium var. wootonii (Cockerell) W.C.Martin & C.R.Hutchins; Xanthium varians Greene; Xanthium wootoni Cockerell ex de Vries; Xanthium wootonii Cockerell |
| Longevity | Annual |
| Growth form | Herb |
| Seed dispersal morphology | Adhesive (burrs, sticky, awns, hairs etc); Hydrochorous (buoyant seed) |
| Maximum height (m) | 2.5 |
| Capable of vegetative reproduction | No |
| Native range | Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America |
| Exotic range (Australia) | WA, NT, SA, QLD, NSW, ACT, VIC |
| Exotic range (other) | Africa, Asia, Pacific Ocean Islands, Europe, South America, Indian Ocean Islands, Atlantic Ocean Islands |
| Habitat types (exotic) | Riparian systems, Pastures, Agricultural land, Disturbed areas (including trails), Roadsides, Wastelands |
| Soil type (exotic) | Most soil types |
| Decade of introduction | 1890 |
Rating [?]
| Climate scenario | Australia | ACT | NSW | NT | QLD | SA | TAS | VIC | WA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current climate | 30 | 18 | 40 | 26 | 26 | 30 | 4 | 34 | 38 |
| RCP 8.5 2050 | 30 | 18 | 36 | 36 | 28 | 32 | 8 | 36 | 36 |
| RCP 8.5 2070 | 30 | 18 | 30 | 28 | 30 | 30 | 16 | 36 | 36 |
Maps of Habitat Suitability & Recorded Occurrences
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Current suitable habitat
2050 suitable habitat
(RCP 8.5)
2070 suitable habitat
(RCP 8.5)
Recorded occurrences
(Australia)
Recorded occurrences
(global)
Images
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Further Information
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